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Deepika Srivastav ¹, Vibha Sharma ¹, T. B. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, IN

Abstract

Head injury may result in a confusing array of physical and psychological changes. It leads subtle and temporary lapses in ability and behavior. We evaluated a case of head injury with the help of neuropsychological battery and treated with cognitive retraining. A 53-year-old male working as a stenographer with well-adjusted premorbid personality without family history of any psychiatric illness was brought with the complaints of forgetfulness, unable to concentrate on one thing, for last 3 years. On detailed history patient reported that he had been a victim of road traffic accident around seven years back and had a head injury at that time, for which neurosurgery was also performed. To assess his current level of cognitive functioning, and to assess the cognitive impairments in various lobe functions, NIMHANS Neuropsychological Battery was administered. His attention, concentration, comprehension, visual and verbal memory was found to be moderately impaired on test findings, which were affecting his day-to-day functioning. Mild impairment was also found on visual spatial perception. Result demonstrated mild to moderate level of impairments in the functioning of temporal lobe, parietal lobe and in frontal lobe functioning. Cognitive retraining was done for the required cognitive functions and improvement found in follow up sessions.

Keywords

Head Injury, Neuropsychological Assessment, Cognitive Retraining.

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Vijander Singh ¹, C. R. Darolia ¹, T. B. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, IN
2 Department of Clinical Psychology Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Delhi, IN

Abstract

Neurological disease may leave the patients in a permanent vegetative state. The caregivers of the patients waiting outside of the ICU remained burdened regarding the outcome chances, whether the patients will come out fully functional or in a vegetative state. Sometimes there perceptions are changed as a result of their knowledge and closeness to the patients. To explore the knowledge, attitude and perception regarding ICU care a semi-structured interview was conducted on the 200 caregivers of ICU patients. Demographic details and responses to a questionnaire assessing the knowledge, attitude and perceptions were recorded. Results of the study shows that majority of the caregivers reported that waiting room was comfortable (78%), and desirous to participate in ICU care (60.5%) and wish the family presence should be mandatory protocol (58%). Almost the whole sample (91.5%) agreed that it was necessary to wash hands before going to ICU. The caregivers reported that they had no knowledge of brain death (44%), lack of knowledge regarding permanent vegetative state (41.5%), high treatment cost is not justified (73.5%) and had negative treatment outcome perception (95%).

Keywords

No Keywords

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Simran Bedi ¹, T. B. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Clinical Psychologist Maisna Hospital, Mumbai, IN
2 Institute of Behavioral Science, Gujrat Forensic University, Gandhinagar, Gujrat, IN

Abstract

The present study is an exploratory research which aims to assess the Depression, Anxiety, Well-Being and Quality of Life in Stroke patients with Hemiplegia. The sample consisted of 30 stroke patients collected from the Neurology Department. Beck Depression inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety inventory (BAI), Subjective well-being questionnaire and WHO-QOL questionnaire were administered on the sample. Hindi standardized translated scales were administered to the sample. Frequency, percentages and correlation coefficient were the statistical tools used for analyzing the obtained data. Majority of the participants were suffering from Moderate Depression and Anxiety. Participants were found to have low QOL in "psychological" domain and average QOL in "physical, environment" domain, but high QOL in Social domain. Participants scored low on Confidence in coping factor of Subjective well-being scale and high score on perceived ill-health. Correlation coefficient shows positive correlation between Depression and Anxiety. There was positive correlation between various domains of QOL "Physical, psychological, social and environment" domain. Negative correlation was found between Depression and domains of QOL, also negative correlation was found between Anxiety and QOL domains. Findings show that QOL has inverse relationship with Depression and Anxiety. However subjective well-being was found to have no significant correlation with Depression, Anxiety and Quality of life.

Keywords

Stroke, Hemiplegia, Depression, Anxiety, Quality of Life, Well-being

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Bhavna Mukund ¹, T. B. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, IN
2 IBS, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Positive psychology is a recent branch psychology primarily concerned with using the psychological theory, research and intervention techniques to understand the positive, adaptive, creative and emotionally fulfilling aspects of human behaviour. Mental health in India has become a priority for the people, community, and the state in the last two decades. In place of focusing and concentrating on the negative aspect of a person, a trend is developing to promote positive aspect of one's personality. This paper explores the possibility of application of positive psychology in the area of mental health, specifically in the Indian context.

Keywords

Positive Psychology, Mental Health, Indian Context.

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Abhay KR. Singh ¹, G. C. Mondal ¹, S. Singh ¹, P. K. Singh ¹, T. B. Singh ¹, B. K. Tewary ¹, A. Sinha ¹

Affiliations
1 Geoenvironment Division, Environmental Management Group, Central Mining Research Institute, Barwa Road, Dhanbad - 826 001, IN

Abstract

Surface, subsurface and mine water collected from rural, urban, industrial and coal mining areas of Dhanbad district have been analysed to assess the major ion chemistry, the weathering and geochemical processes controlling the water composition and suitability of water for domestic, industrial and agricultural uses. Ca, Mg, and HCO₃ dominate the chemical composition of the water chemistry. However, in the mine water and water samples collected from mining areas, high concentration of SO₄ has been observed. Water chemistry of the study area strongly reflects the dominance of continental weathering and higher concentration of SO₄, Cl and TDS in some samples indicates mining and anthropogenic impact on water quality. The high contribution of (Ca+Mg) to the total cations, relatively high (Na+K)/TZ⁺ ratio (0.27) and low equivalent ratio of (Ca+Mg)/(Na+K) i.e. 3.6 suggest combined influence of carbonate and silicate weathering. The higher values of C-ratio for most of the surface and subsurface water signify that carbonic acid weathering is the major proton producer in these waters. However, the low C-ratio for the mine water (average 0.22) and the waters collected near the coal mining areas suggests that sulphide oxidation and/or coupled reactions (involving both carbonic acid weathering and sulphide oxidation) control the chemical quality in the mining areas. The quality assessment of surface and subsurface water shows that water is suitable for domestic use with few exceptions. The calculated values of SAR, RSC and sodium percentage indicate that water can be used for irrigation without any hazard.

Keywords

Aquatic Geochemistry, Weathering, Anthropogenic, Quality Assessment, Saturation Index, Dhanbad, Jharkhand.

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A. Rao ¹, N. B. Singh ², R. Ninsheng ², T. B. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Medicine MS Ramaiah Medical College Bangalore, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Medicine Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, IN

Abstract

Background:Knowledge of demographic profiles and baseline characteristics of HIV infected patients is essential for devising prevention strategies. Analysis of factors influencing improvement in CD4 cell count will help to determine prognosis and better implementation of ART.

Objectives: This retrospective study was conducted on HIV patients in Manipur, to assess clinical profile and factors influencing baseline immunological status and response to ART.

Methodology: 1231 patients were enrolled. Baseline demographic and laboratory parameters were recorded. CD4 cell counts were recorded at baseline and 6 months after ART initiation.

Results: 66.3% patients were male, 74.6% aged 21-40 years, 65.6% were Hindus and 52.9% of urban residence. 17.5% patients had Haemoglobin ≤9 grams/dl. Prevalence of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection was 3.4% and 20.5% respectively. Male sex (141.51±96.21 vs. 169.92±111.2 cells/mm³; p=0.001), age >20 years and Haemoglobin ≤9 g/dl (127.5±99.5 vs. 153.8±99.1cells/mm³; p=0.001) were associated with lower baseline CD4 count. Females (219.01±187.2 vs. 161.79±153.35cells/mm³; p=0.001), age group 1-20 years and those without HIV-HCV coinfections (188.72±170.81 vs. 154.20±155.88 cells/mm³; p=0.004) had significant improvement in CD4 count at 6 months-post ART initiation. CD4 response in HIV-HBV coinfected patients was lower (188.59±170.65 vs. 162.39±139.8 cells/mm³; p=0.324) but not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Majority of HIV patients in Manipur were - Males, Hindus, aged 21-40 years and of urban residence. Males, age >20 years and haemoglobin ≤9 g/dl were associated with lower baseline CD4 count. HIVHBV/ HIV-HCV coinfection wasn't associated with lower baseline CD4 count. Females, age <20 years and absence of HIV-HBV/HIV-HCV coinfections were associated with superior immunological response to ART.

Keywords

Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, HIV-HBV Coinfection, HIV-HCV Coinfection, CD4 Count, Response to ART, HIV.

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Pragya Singh ¹, Hari Shankar ², T. B. Singh ², Shivendra Singh ³, R. G. Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, VARANASI (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, VARANASI (U.P.), IN
3 Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, VARANASI, IN

Abstract

Introduction- Acid-base balance is maintained by normal elimination of carbon dioxide by the lungs (which affects the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and normal excretion of non-volatile acid by the kidneys (which affects the plasma bicarbonate concentration). The role of dietary acid also should be given greater consideration in CKD patients. Objective- The objective of the study was to know the effect of dietary intervention of Low Acid Diet on (CKD) Chronic kidney disease outcomes. Methodology- It is a hospital based interventional study. Patients were recruited from nephrology OPD of Sir Sunderlal Hospital IMS BHU Varanasi, India in the age group of eighteen years and above who were ready to give written consent. Follow-up has been done for six months. Study variables were BMI, Demographic profile, Glomerular filtration rate, bicarbonate level by ABG, Blood levels of Urea, Creatinine. Investigative variables were obtained by standard methods as used in the hospital. Study tools used were Interview Schedule, Electronic weighing scale, Measuring tape, Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24hr. dietary recall method were applied for dietary assessment. Data were analyzed by trial version of SPSS 16 software. Results- Results shows that serum bicarbonate was increased from less than 23mmol/L in 5 patients to more than 23mmol/L in 8 patients. Reduction was found in CKD stages 2 and 5. In dietary habits fruit intake was found increased who were taking 2-4 servings per day likewise frequency of 3 servings per day of vegetable intake was found increased from 4 patients to 12 patients. Conclusion - Present study suggest that intervention of low acid diet by increasing fruits and vegetable intake holds promise to be an additional kidney-protective strategy in CKD management.

Keywords

Metabolic Acidosis, Dietary Intake, Bicarbonate, Chronic Kidney Disease, ABG.

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Sandeep Kumar ¹, T. B. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, T.D. (P.G.) College, Jaunpur (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, T.D.(P.G.) College, Jaunpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The effect of four levels of S (0, 20, 40 and 60 Kg S ha^-1) with and without rhizobium inoculation on yield, quality and nutrient uptake of vigna mungo (L) Hepper cv. P.U-30 was studied in sandy clay loam soil of eastern U.P. Pooled analysis of data revealed that application of S and rhizobium individually as well as collectively increased the grain and straw yield, protein and carbohydrate % in seeds as well as uptake of N, P and S significantly. The increase in grain and straw yield and protein and carbohydrate % in seeds with 40 and 60 kg S ha^-1 in combination with rhizobium over control was 28.82, 30.57, 26.42, 28.08, 17.88, 18.16, 3.68 and 3.86%, respectively.

Keywords

Rhizobium, Sulphur, Black Gram, Bio-Chemical Composition.

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Sandeep Kumar ¹, T. B. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Tilak Dhari (P.G.) College, Jaunpur (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, T.D. (P.G.) College, Jaunpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Black gram (Vigno mungo L. Hepper) a highly nutritious kharif pulse is grown in India since time immemorial. However, the productivity of this crop is very low, mainly because of its cultivation as a marginal crop under reduced rate of fertilizer application mostly without S. Since S and Rhizobium plays an important role in pulses. Therefore, the present investigation was planned to study the effect of S and Rhizobium on yield, quality and uptake of nutrients.

Keywords

Black Gram, Sulphur, Rhizobium, Nutrient Uptake.

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